Traumatic Brain Injury Essay -- Health, Diseases

Horrible mind injury (TBI) is an advanced issue as a result of various reasons. Among the reasons are their troubles to be analyzed right off the bat in greater part of the cases. This is on the grounds that either the harm much of the time isn't noticeable or the cerebrum injury doesn't get the consideration it merits since patients with head wounds as a rule have different wounds. The other issue with head injury is that it is related with various disarranges and frequently brings about various mental side effects that can entangle the conclusion and treatment. It might be related with sadness, character issues, tension, neurosis, or lack of concern. Indiscreet hostility which this paper manages is one of the difficult and complex issues that horrible mind injury is related with. Forceful conduct is one of the most troublesome results of TBI. Its suffering issues will in general upset families, parental figures or more all to the patient whose new conduct becomes hindrance to come back to the typical job. It is additionally supposed to be the most incessant and truly treatable out happen to TBI. It is conceivable to order animosity as rash and planned. Hasty hostility is described by generally impromptu and unconstrained, elevated levels of autonomic excitement and precipitation by incitement related with negative feelings, for example, outrage or dread It for the most part speaks to a reaction to an apparent pressure. Likewise, explores show that incautious hostility is generally regular after TBI. Imprudent animosity, likewise alluded to as receptive hostility, full of feeling animosity, or threatening animosity, becomes neurotic when forceful reactions are misrepresented corresponding to the passionate incitement that happens interestingly, planned aggre.. . ... are related with poor social working. Past investigations detailed that animosity was related with interruption of family connections Grafman, (1996) and poor word related execution (Herzberg &Fenwick, 1988). Social combination diminishes imprudent conduct and reduces the powerlessness to creating burdensome disarranges. Moreover, it has been proposed that social conduct is affected by indistinguishable organic elements from hastiness and hostility (i.e., prefrontal regulation and serotonergic work) (Tateno, 2003). Thinking about the multifactorial idea of incautious hostility, natural, mental and social factors that may contribute for this conduct to emerge must be drawn closer. The forceful conduct is clearly upsetting in public activity; in this manner people that are near the patients must acquire support (Schwarzbold, 2008).

Inclusion of EBD students Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Consideration of EBD understudies - Essay Example In the end, the United States government rolled out various administrative improvements to address this issue and have helped change popular supposition to give exceptional necessities understudies a lot more favorable circumstances. Today the objective of the United States’ specialized curriculum program is to empower kids with exceptional necessities to turn out to be full citizenry. One of the issues that the United States faces with uncommon necessities programs is that educators are not setting up every single extraordinary need understudies as a few escape everyone's notice of an overburdened framework. Understudies with imperceptible impediment have been abandoned and pushed aside. For instance, understudies with enthusiastic conduct issue are not completely remembered for the school programming. The most effortless approach to manage them has been to drive them away into uncommonly structured ‘behavior’ study halls. Absence of financing has kept numerous frameworks from including the sort of genuine help these understudies need to assist them with getting effective in the homeroom and, thus, become full citizenry. Since the beginning the treatment of understudies with exceptional necessities has been bothered with shamefulness and improper practices. Numerous extraordinary needs understudies were set in refuges and establishments. The havens and establishments of the mid 1900’s were supplanted with â€Å"special classes† by the 60’s and 70’s where understudies with inabilities were isolated and named. Despite the fact that these classes were improvement over the havens, the youngsters in these projects were demonized and were given little chance to communicate with everybody in the schools. These understudies had small comprehension of the interpersonal interaction vital for reconciliation into society and in this manner had minimal possibility of accomplishment. With time, these unique classes slowly started to incorporate understudies with more subtle handicaps. In these classes understudies were instructed by

Our top blog posts from 2016 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Our top blog posts from 2016 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog This time of year I like to browse the blog and review all of the content weve shared, and see if theres anything we can do to give you a better experience. In doing so, I thought youd like to see which blog posts everyone enjoyed the most. Here are our top blog posts from 2016, broken down by month (with the runners-up). December:  How to access (and prepare for) the admissions video essay; followed by  Top 10 Tips for Communicating with Us November:  Heres SIPAs evaluation criteria; followed by  How to access (and prepare for) the admissions video essay October:  Heres what SIPA means by early action; followed by  How to access (and prepare for) the admissions video essay September:  Top 10 Tips for Communicating with Us; followed by  The 2017 PPIA Fellowship application is live August:  Top 10 Tips for Communicating with Us; followed by  Everything you wanted to know about SIPAs language proficiency requirement July:  Rangel Fellowship Application is live, and theres a new deadline; followed by  Top 10 Tips for Communicating with Us June:  What Fall 2016 admitted students should know going forward followed by  Fall 2016 New Student Series Part 1: Meet Sayan Supratim Das May:  Top 10 Tips for Communicating with Us; followed by What Fall 2016 admitted students should know going forward April:  10 reasons you shouldnt attend SIPA; followed by A look at SIPA Follies 2016 March:  What Fall 2016 admitted students should know going forward; followed by A look behind the application curtain February:  Good luck to our Fall 2016 applicants; followed by Dissecting the Application Checklist January:  Dissecting the Application Checklist; followed by How to answer the Fall 2016 short essay This is a just a preview of the type of  content we regularly share on the SIPA Admissions Blog. Including todays post, we have written 127 blog posts since January 2016 thats a new post every two or three days!  It takes a lot of effort to share fresh content with all of you on a regular basis, and we wouldnt have been able to do so if it werent for our dedicated student bloggers, also known as our Program Assistants and Admissions Ambassadors. Im grateful for their assistance, and I look forward to sharing more of their work with you in the coming months. Have a suggestion on what we should write about next? Just Submit An Idea.

Essay about P3 - Communication Influences - 904 Words

P3 Explain factors that may influence communication amp; interpersonal interactions in health and social care environments. I will be explaining the barrier which may have influenced the case study of Mr and Mrs Singh’s meeting with the MDT and how environmental factors influenced the interaction within the meeting. I am going to be looking at environmental factors such as, noise, setting, seating, lighting, space and time. Case Study Mrs Singh has recently had major surgery and the meeting is aimed at organising a discharge package for Mrs Singh. Mrs Singh would most probably not feel 100% and may feel unwell and unable to give her full attention and feel like her decisions could be the wrong one. It states in the case†¦show more content†¦This would give of the impression that she is an aggressive person at the least and give the impression of not being bothered about Mrs. Singh’s situation. For her having to raise her voice to be heard over the environmental noise it is most obvious that the setting in which they are in is a bad one and it must be very loud and busy. As the MDT begin to discuss Mrs Singh. Alot of medical terminology is used. This is Jargon and Mrs And Mrs singh will be confused and unsure of what is being spoke about them also, they both speak minimal English which would be even more difficult for them to comprehend and convert into what they would recognize. On a positive note the MDT would get their own points over quicker to one another because they would all understand what is being said and decided. Although Mr. and Mrs Singh have no say and wouldn’t understand because of the language and Jargon used. They would no longer feel part of the meeting and feel to agree on everything that has been spoken and decided for them. Time is very limited and the doctors need to leave very shortly, they would no longer understand what is being said and they would not be able to ask any questions as they would of felt rushed.They would not understand the decision and outcome made for them. This then led to Mrs Singh being uninterested due to all of them environmental factors which have confused her. They both nod their heads intermittently, this suggestsShow MoreRelatedP3 Explain Factors That May Influence Communication and Interpersonal Interactions in Health and Social Care Environments1140 Words   |  5 PagesTask 3 P3 explain factors that may influence communication and interpersonal interactions in Health and Social Care Environments Section 1 Barriers to communication A barrier blocks and stops something from getting through. There are different types of communication barriers that stop communication from going well. Three types of communication barriers are shown below. Communication is not received- They may not respond to the language needs or preferences. Not understanding sensory impairmentRead MoreP3 – Explain Factors That May Influence Communication and Interpersonal Interactions in Health and Social Care Environments. P4 – Explain Strategies Used in Health and Social Care Environments to Overcome Barriers to4098 Words   |  17 PagesIn this assignment I am going to be explaining the factors that may influence communication and interpersonal in health and social care environments and also I am going to be explaining the strategies used in health and social care environments to overcome barriers to effective communication and interpersonal interactions. I will be including sensory deprivation, foreign language, jargon, slang, dialect, acronyms, cultural differences, distress, emotional difficulties, health issues and environmentalRead MoreConstruction Technology And Design Of Construction And The Built Environment1217 Words    |  5 PagesUnit 5 – Construction Technology and Design in Construction and the Built Environment Task 1 (P1, P2, P3, M1 D1) P1 Describe the factors that influence the design process There are a variety of different factors that influence the design process. The first one is the client’s needs and amount of money they have, the design has to suit the client’s needs so that the design meets what they like. Therefore the design will need to change to suit their needs. Their design needs to be suitable to theRead MoreThe Skill Based Model Of Mumford s Group1667 Words   |  7 Pagestime (citation needed, text pg 47 p3). This approach recognizes that people are capable of learning from their past experiences. This approach focuses on â€Å"education and experience† as a means to develop â€Å"leadership capabilities† rather than the behavioral patterns of leaders. M.D. Mumford posits that â€Å"the skill-based model of Mumford’s group has five components: competencies, individual attributes, leadership outcomes, career experiences, and environmental influences.† Leaders are human, and everyRead MoreWeb Architecture And Components ( P1 ) Essay1206 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment 1: Website Performance Contents Web Architecture and Components (P1) 1 The role of Web Architecture in Website Communication (M1) 1 Web Protocols (D1) 1 Factors that influence Website Performance (P2, P3) 1 Web Architecture and Components (P1) The role of Web Architecture in Website Communication (M1) Web Protocols (D1) Factors that influence Website Performance (P2, P3) P1 In P1 I will be talking about how the World Wide Web works and what is the purpose of ISPs and the web hostingRead MoreExplain Factors That May Influence Communication and Interpersonal Interactions in Health and Social Care Environments.697 Words   |  3 Pages1:4:P3 Explain factors that may influence communication and interpersonal interactions in health and social care environments. Communication is very essential in our daily lives. In the situation given, there is a factor or a barrier that affects in receiving non-verbal communication. Samir’s also first language is Urdu. As stated Samir can read non-verbal communication unless he is very close to the person, and he might be near sighted. There are factors that influence communication in Samir’sRead Morehealth science937 Words   |  4 Pagesprofessionals require good communication skills in order to carry out their roles effectively. It is therefore important for those embarking on a career in health and social care that they gain knowledge and understanding of skills involved in communication. This unit will develop and enhance communication and interpersonal skills, and will consider communication theories. On completion of this unit a learner should: Understand effective communication and interpersonalRead MoreHealth Social Care Essay1172 Words   |  5 Pagesyour study.Complete the following tasks.Given to students on: Monday 16 December2012 | TASK 1 –Understand the Learning Process Learning outcome 1 Specification Criteria Covered: P1, P2,M1,D1 Deadline Date: 5/3/2013 P1 –Explain key influences on the learning processes of individuals | * You are preparing yourself to go on work experience in a Health or Social Care settings. You need to identify the learning process, see what type of learner you are, and prepare yourself for workRead MoreFactors That Influence Communication And The Strategies1262 Words   |  6 PagesFactors that influence communication and the strategies to overcome them. Communication is a two way process which two individuals participate in in-order to understand the view point and ideas of each other. â€Å"Communication is a cycle because when two people communicate they need to check that their ideas have been understood†. (Health and Social Care L3 book 1, page 18) This process however doesn’t always go accordingly, which then leads to barriers arising. Interpersonal interaction is theRead MoreDeferred Maintenance Is Defined By Kaiser ( 2009 )3444 Words   |  14 PagesLeadership and the Priority Leadership and the Priority Northouse (2013) explains that leadership is a process that involves influence, occurs in groups, and involves common goals. The common goal in this case is easy to define: finding a way to address the issue of deferred maintenance on campus. The leadership questions that need to be asked are: how can leadership use influence to improve the situation, what groups should be lead, and what changes can be made in processes to improve the maintenance

Childhood Obesity How It Can Affect Our Children s...

Childhood Obesity: How it can Affect our Children’s Mental Health and Images of Themselves Childhood obesity has been a common issue in our current times. Many children and adults suffer from obesity and have serious health issues that come along with the disorder. Childhood obesity has been such an issue for so long that even the first lady Michelle Obama has changed the school lunch programs to try and feed our kids healthier foods. This has been an ongoing issue for decades it seems. There are many things that contribute to childhood obesity and there are many issues that can arise from it and cause even more problems. From the current technology to the fast food restaurants, it all seems to be a problem with this issue. With fast food restaurants serving Big Macs and large fries with every order it has become increasingly a fast food society. Kids are spending more time indoors and playing video games versus going outside to play and get exercise. They want to talk on their smart phones and use applications like SnapChat instead of exercising and staying healthy. New technology could be blamed for our kids becoming obese. Lack of parenting could also be considered an issue. Teenagers are having babies at early ages and it seems like we are having kids birthing kids with no experience to how to raise a child. Some kids are hard headed and lazy too and do not want to participate in most anything and that has become a huge issue. According, to the article Diet and ObesityShow MoreRelatedChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children3537 Words   |  15 Pagesin the past ten years, you are probably aware of the word obesity. Probably not only just aware but have come to understand that as a nation we ha ve been battling our own obesity epidemic on a super sized scale. We are continuously reminded of the physical consequences of obesity but not much coverage has raised awareness to the psychological outcomes. It has always been declared that the future of our nation lies in the hands of its children. They are the dreamers and the doers. The future dependsRead MoreThe Issue Of Teenage Obesity1231 Words   |  5 PagesTeenage obesity is one if the sternest topics viewed globally. The epidemic has severe outcomes and can sometimes be fatal. An obese child is any child or teen that is severely overweight and has a body mass index, or BMI, that is equal to or greater than the 85th percentile which equates to about 10 percentage points higher than the recommended body weight for their height and body type. Doctors claim that today about 1 in 3 kids are overweight or obese. A number of studies have shown how being anRead MoreThe Effects Of Consumerism On Children s Lives1522 Words   |  7 PagesToday children are exposed to a different world than the one their parents grew up in. Consumerism plays a significant influence in children’s lives, including technology. This has led to over usage of technology as a reason for increased health issues in children, and basic building blocks of healthy development being ignored. Children are no longer interested in creative play, which is vital to problem-solving, learning, imagining and thinking. Instead, children can often be found sitting inRead MoreObesity : A Effect On A Child s Life Essay2056 Words   |  9 PagesDecember 2016 Annotation Thompson, Stephanie. Who Is Responsible for Childhood Obesity in U.S.? Advertising Age 77.5 (2006): 4. Web. Obesity has a profound effect on a child’s life; an obese child is more likely to become an obese adult. Proper nutrition habits start as soon as the child is born, overfeeding an infant can affect the way the child perceives food. The parent is held accountable for what and how much their child eats and drinks. The community, churches and schools all playRead MoreFuture Generation Program For Obese Children ( Fgpoc )2512 Words   |  11 PagesObesity Children Program Future Generation Program For Obese Children (FGPOC) John Samameâ€Æ' Abstract Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the cause of the growth in rural and suburb area. By using children in the investigation, it can help determine the root of the epidemic disease. In order to investigate further in children one needs to device a program. The main idea of this program is to reduce Obesity in further generation. Methods: The data set for this research consistedRead MoreEarly Childhood Through Middle Adulthood And The Effects Of Obesity5776 Words   |  24 Pages Early Childhood through Middle Adulthood and the Effects of Obesity Michelle Price Troy University, Tampa Bay â€Æ' Abstract Type your abstract here. Notice that the abstract is not indented. The abstract is 50 to 250 words and summarizes the main ideas in your paper. Do not use â€Å"I† or â€Å"we† in your abstract. â€Æ' The Biopsychosocial impact of Obesity on Early childhood through Late Adulthood Obesity has become an epidemic which negatively affects millions of American’s and individuals from otherRead MoreObesity : A Global Epidemic3268 Words   |  14 PagesAbstract Obesity is an emerging problem around the world and specifically a rising problem in adolescence. Multiple factors can cause obesity, such as poor nutrition, lack of physical activity, genetic factors, and environmental influences. Obesity in most cases is preventable and schools can help solve the obesity problem by implementing health education and showing the importance of physical education. Introduction Obesity is becoming a nationwide epidemic, and will continue to affect future generationsRead Moreresearch on clinical psych6780 Words   |  28 PagesLove Matters: How Affection Shapes a Baby’s Brain Why Love Matters: How Affection Shapes a Baby’s Brain 81 Why Love Matters: How Affection Shapes a Baby’s Brain by Sue Gerhardt Psychoanalytic Psychotherapist and Author of ‘Why Love Matters’ and ‘The Selfish Society’ SUMMARY Why babyhood rather than childhood? The case that I want to make is that babyhood is much more important to our lives than many people realise. A lot of the behaviour that worries us in later childhood, such as aggressionRead MoreEssay on Food Advertisements 2423 Words   |  10 Pagestelevision or in a magazine. My self esteem and body-image suffered a great amount during those years of constant struggle. As I looked at pictures of celebrities, athletes, average people, friends, my sister and then myself, I noticed something, all of them were thin except me. After this and years of challenges and mental exhaustion I decided to make a change. Many individuals around the world have the same issues that I had. It seems that no matter how hard someone tries to lose weight it hardly worksRead MoreEffects of Television as Mass Media on Children of 10 Years1893 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Effect† is a term that refers to something produced by a cause. It can also be referred to as a consequence. This research paper seeks to investigate both positive and negative effects of mass media on children. Possible s olutions to address or mitigate the negative effects of mass media will also be highlighted. Differential Effects of Mass Media on Children The mass media, particularly, broadcast media, significantly affects childhood development in that, it provides information-seeking and modeling

Advantage and Disadvantage Democracy Essay Free Essays

I went to Shannon Vile for a special holiday. I stayed there for two days. In the last day of my trip, I went to the beach again. We will write a custom essay sample on Advantage and Disadvantage Democracy Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The view of the sea was extremely beautiful. I walked alone along the beach to absorb the fresh air from the sea. The beach was absolutely beautiful and had a lot of brilliant people on the beach. Some people played volleyball and some people walked along the beach like me. When I reached a small coffee shop, I felt thirsty. In the coffee shop had a lot of people, but among them had a beautiful lady who wore a red hat and black glasses. She sat alone and watched a photo. When I came next to her, I found that the person on the photo was me. I wondered why she got my photo. At first, I thought that she was my friend. When I saw her face, I knew clearly that she was not my friend. I asked her why she got this photo. She said that she got it when she walked along the street and it was on her way, so she picked it up. She was very friendly. We had a conversation for hours. She had many things in common with me. We had fun together and she said that it was a hilarious that she has never met before. We felt delighted and enjoyed our talking in the beautiful beach. Since then, she became my best friend and we have good relationship with each other until present time. Experience of Being Alone In the Forest Last month, I had a Journey to the forest. I went there alone and I brought some foods with me. To reach the middle of the forest took about two hours. I felt extremely exhausted. When I reached the middle of the forest, I decided to have a top. The landscape In the forest was wonderful and there were many big trees. I had lunch alone in the forest and I took a nap for ten minutes after the lunch time. After taking a nap, I read a book. The title of the book was â€Å"Watch Out of the BeÐ’Â «. When I read this book, I knew some strategies to protect myself from the bears. I came into the forest because I wanted to have a brilliant experience of being alone in the forest. I was reading and eating at the same time. While I was reading, I heard a strange sound behind me. I looked around but I did not see anything. I only saw the big trees surround me. I continued my reading for five minutes. I heard the strange sound again. Immediately, I turned back and I saw a big bear behind me. It seemed like a cruel bear. I felt nervous and I did not know how to do. The big bear wanted to attack me, but I tried my best to escape from this bad situation. I ran and screamed without turning back to find the safety place that the bear could not find. After that I knew that I had left my leather bag and everything there. So after this event, I have How to cite Advantage and Disadvantage Democracy Essay, Essays

Spike Lee free essay sample

Spike Lee BY NattY126 The interior meaning of Directors Spike Lees film Do the Right Thing is centered around shedding a light on the injustices that were happenning in black communities, specifically Brooklyn in the 1980s. Like many of Lees films he also incorporated political and social aspects as well. During that time in the eighties, Lee felt that under Mayor Ed Kock, New York had become extremely uncomfortable with racial tension. Several racially profiled incidents had happen under his power and Lee made a point to address these issues in his movie. For example, In 1986 a black twenty-three year old construction worker named Michael Griffith was killed after being chased from a pizzeria than beaten with bats by an Italian-American mob. While trying to get away he accidentally wandered onto the Belt Parkway where he was struck by an automobile in Howard Beach, Queens. Although Lee didnt duplicate this exact story, you can see the correlation from the tension between Sal, Vito and Pino (Italians) and the rest of the African American community in Do the Right Thing. We will write a custom essay sample on Spike Lee or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the fight scene between Sal and Radio Rahim, Sal uses a bat. Another example is when a granti artist Michael Stewart who was apprehended by eleven police men and was choked to death. You can see the symbolic nature of this incident played out in the end of the film when Radio Rahim is choked to death by the police officer. Spike Lee aimed to make sure that the rest of America knows what is going on, and he use this film to create dialouge and awareness about the racial tension that was going on in New York City. When Lees film released it was right around th time of the Democratic primary for mayor so he wanted to influence the political climate. Director Spike Lees personal signiture can be seen in Do the Right Thing, Miracle at St. Anns and Inside Man. One of Lees personal signitures is the use of recurring actors in his films. In the film Do the Right Thing, Lee used eight actors he had previously worked with including Ossie Davis, Erik Dellums, Giancarlo Esposito, Samuel L. Jackson, Joie Lee (his sister), Bill Nunn, Roger Guenveur Smith, and Leonard L. Thomas. In the film Miracle at St. Anns he used five recurring actors including Lemon Anderson, John Leguizamo, Brad Leland, John Turturro and Kerry Washington. He also used five recurring actors in Inside Man as well, Including Lemon Anderson, Victor Colicchio, Kim Director, Christopher Plummer, Denzel Washington and Chiwetel Ejiofor. Another one of Spike Lees personal signatures is his use of montages. The montages in his films explore the different perspectives of people. You can see examples of this in the film Do the Right Thing and Miracle at St. Anns. In Do the Right Thing there is a racial montage with different races describing eachother with offensive racial slurs. In the film Miracle at St. Ann the montage includes three different groups of people all praying to God. I believe this montage shows that everyone no matter right or wrong believes in a higher power and believes they should be protected. Furthermore, another personal siginiture Lee has is when he has an actor look directly into the camera, breaking the fourth wall. Examples of this can be seen in Do the Right Thing when Radio Rahim is describing the power of love nd hate. He uses this time to give a metophoric description of the power struggle between love and hate, similar to whats going on in the community at that time. In the tilm Inside Man the tilm opens witn Dalton Russell looking directly into the camera while he is speaking. In Miracle of St. Annas after the incident in the restaurant, the soilders and the little boy are looking directly into the camera. They are silent but they are making a connection with the audience through their eyes. I believe this technique gives audiences a more personal feel as if the character is peaking directly to them. An example of this can also be seen in Miracle at St. Ann Director Spike Lees technical competence can be seen with his signiture dolly shot, his use of semiotics and his 360 degree camera shot. dolly shot boy playing game, a the restaurant talking, In Do the Right thing there is a scene where Mookie walks across a little girls chalk drwing on the ground. This is symbolic of the American Dream. When it comes to semiotics Lee uses mulriple sources to send messages such as background, writing on walls, pictures, character names etc. One of his most ompelling use of semitics is in Inside man when one of the hostages son is playing a violent video game. This scene is sympolic and addresses the affect of gansta rap on children and the glamorization of violence in video games and rap music. Also outside of the bank the van says on it perfectly planned paint , symbolic for the bank scheme being planned to perfection. Semiotics in the Miracle of St. Annas can be seen through the multiple propoganda pictures throughout the movie. Also after the men leave the restarant after being disrespected they come to a cross road.

Up the Down Staircase Review Essay Example

Up the Down Staircase Review Paper Essay on Up the Down Staircase I was lucky enough one day a couple of weeks like the American senior public school, I remember now, as it was not possible with my clumsy English (however clumsily her he somehow was even closer to the US), which means to write off, and how astray (building on our standards, more like the size of the institutes) were on some back stairs, stumbled upon the kissing couple and a man who with the English just was okay greeted them with a loud Excuse me! It struck course schedule, which was not the weekly and daily, for why people too much? Six subjects, one of which the exercise, the other a sinecure navrode Russian. And test, test, test And lets say the number of missed each lesson and how many of them due to illness already happened in Russia count as the percentage of the quality and other exceedingly useful statistics. A voluntary-compulsory excursion or the alignment of the entire school by line of the arrival of the top leadership, which has forgotten to inform that his plans h ad changed. Running the name of the native educational agencies, not the worst among other things, a madhouse. Etc., etc., etc. As in this routine, the paper hectic, overcrowded classes is not lost to the teacher? Frankly to me it is a mystery. Probably should really be calling for life and nothing else. At Kaufman turned on one side and about the American school, a lot of the characteristics of, and on the other and about the school in general. Themes and wonderful happened. I can only agree to the view that teachers should read. I think parents and does not hurt, let alone the fact that it is necessary to read the students decide to let the teacher in order to read helped move up the ladder. We will write a custom essay sample on Up the Down Staircase Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Up the Down Staircase Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Up the Down Staircase Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Up the Down Staircase Review Essay Example Up the Down Staircase Review Paper Essay on Up the Down Staircase This remarkable book published in this country in the year I was born, began to read for only one reason: her granddaughter wrote one of the most beloved writer Sholom Aleichem. I did not regret that picked up this funny, truthful book, consisting of letters, school administration orders, announcements. These documents reflected his short life is completely different people . Detained for violation of the rules of me, walked up the stairs leading down to the comment and replied audacity. This circular and prompted Bel Kaufman on the idea to write a book about the school, a young teacher who could wait for a brilliant academic future of its students, who are lucky enough to learn from this Master of Education in the United States, in which the order of no more than our own. This book is about how hard it is sometimes to understand each others teachers and pupils, especially in the mass school, lessons of kindness that will never go in vain. Children almost always sincere to the teacher ( Such Moore I and the dog did not give to read! says one of the students of Miss Barrett on the Odyssey), it feels false and does not forgive her ( Some people just are not tailored to be teachers too. old and nervous. ). But they all meet even the tiniest of attending to him ( I will never forget one of the sixth grade of elementary school. She drilled us, and sometimes its great fell, but despite this her character, a strange thing happened at the end of semester: we all surrounded him and kissed her ) We will write a custom essay sample on Up the Down Staircase Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Up the Down Staircase Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Up the Down Staircase Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Read this book and you realize that the real teacher will always remain with their students, no matter what the prospects were waiting for him in the scientific field.. Still, we, the teachers, the most rewarding profession! P.S. The book is preceded by a great introductory article written by Bel Kaufman itself. Of her most memorable funny translation of the name works into different languages: Swedish, it sounds Hi, girl! In Finnish Top of the bathing ladder in Italian Up the slope, in one of the pirated editions upside down the stairs. So write after that.

Free Essays on Streetcar Named Desire

In the play â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire† by Tennessee Williams, the family is broken up due to the desires of both Blanche DuBois and Stanley Kowalski. However, Stella, Stanley’s wife, also contributes to the unfaithfulness of her husband. It is Stella’s weak demeanor and complete difference in identity from that of her sister, Blanche, that drives Stanley to commit an unfaithful act with Blanche. No one person is to blame for the breakup of the DuBois/Kowalski family. Blanche, Stella, and even Stanley played their own role is disrupting the peace that was once shared among them. Blanche desires what her sister has all though it is not much. Stella has a husband to care for her. A husband that loves her, that no one could question, meaning that he is not gay. Stella’s life is one that is settled and complete. Blanche, on the other hand, has a life that is in turmoil. She arrives in New Orleans a talkative, witty, arrogant, fragile, and eventually a crumbling figure. Blanche once was married to and passionately in love with a tortured young man. He killed himself after she discovered his homosexuality, and she has suffered from guilt and regret ever since. She wants a cultured man but is often subconsciously attracted to strong, macho male characters, perhaps a response to her marriage with a cultured, sensitive man which ended in disaster. So, although Blanche dislikes Stanley as a person, she is drawn to him as a type of man who is obviously heterosexual and who is strong enough to protect her from a harsh world. Stanley is ultimately what she wants, yet detests, and, because of Stella she can not have him. Stanley desires a woman who is cultured, who has seen the world and has the ability to be outspoken. This is not to say that Stanley does not love Stella, in fact he loves her a little too much, sometimes Stanley just yearns for something greater. He is tired of his everyday life... Free Essays on Streetcar Named Desire Free Essays on Streetcar Named Desire â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire† William Faulkner’s Nobel Prize acceptance speech, in an essence, contains what good literature should. He speaks about the universal truths. Three of these in particular, are reflected in, â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire†. Love, pity, and pride all play an important role in the actions and feelings that take place throughout the story. Love is what fuels the story, and starts some of the conflicts. Blanche is in desperate need of love when her husband commits suicide because of something she says to him So she turns to strangers. Here she’s flirting with a young delivery boy, â€Å"Now you run along, now quickly! It would be nice to keep you, but i've got to be good- and keep my hands of children†, scene 5 pg 196. Her promiscuity is what gets her fired from her teaching job and shunned in her prominent New Orleans town. While on the other hand, Stanley and Stella’s love is pure, almost animal like, how they need one another so much. Here Stanley yells for Stella after a fight, â€Å"Stella! My baby dolls left me! I want my baby! Stella! †¦ Stella!† scene3 pg 179. This shows their need for one another. Blanche and Stella love one another very much. They’ve been through a lot, the loss of family, money and the loss of Belle Reve [the families estate]. Here Blanche and her greet one another, â€Å" Stella, oh, Stella, Stella for star, how i’ve missed you! â€Å", scene 2 pg 152. They had a warm relationship, even though they had differences. No one ever wants to be pitied; it’s almost a type of failure. Stella and Stanley are happy together, but Blanche pities her sister for marring a poor polish immigrant. Here Stella is trying to make justice to why Stanley hit her. â€Å"He didn’t know what he was doing. He was good as a lamb when I came back, and he’s really very, very ashamed of himself.† scene 4 pg 183. She didn’t want Blanche to pity her but Stella pitied Blanche for not being able to co... Free Essays on Streetcar Named Desire In the play â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire† by Tennessee Williams, the family is broken up due to the desires of both Blanche DuBois and Stanley Kowalski. However, Stella, Stanley’s wife, also contributes to the unfaithfulness of her husband. It is Stella’s weak demeanor and complete difference in identity from that of her sister, Blanche, that drives Stanley to commit an unfaithful act with Blanche. No one person is to blame for the breakup of the DuBois/Kowalski family. Blanche, Stella, and even Stanley played their own role is disrupting the peace that was once shared among them. Blanche desires what her sister has all though it is not much. Stella has a husband to care for her. A husband that loves her, that no one could question, meaning that he is not gay. Stella’s life is one that is settled and complete. Blanche, on the other hand, has a life that is in turmoil. She arrives in New Orleans a talkative, witty, arrogant, fragile, and eventually a crumbling figure. Blanche once was married to and passionately in love with a tortured young man. He killed himself after she discovered his homosexuality, and she has suffered from guilt and regret ever since. She wants a cultured man but is often subconsciously attracted to strong, macho male characters, perhaps a response to her marriage with a cultured, sensitive man which ended in disaster. So, although Blanche dislikes Stanley as a person, she is drawn to him as a type of man who is obviously heterosexual and who is strong enough to protect her from a harsh world. Stanley is ultimately what she wants, yet detests, and, because of Stella she can not have him. Stanley desires a woman who is cultured, who has seen the world and has the ability to be outspoken. This is not to say that Stanley does not love Stella, in fact he loves her a little too much, sometimes Stanley just yearns for something greater. He is tired of his everyday life...

Labor Relations - Union Free or Unionized Environment Essay

Labor Relations - Union Free or Unionized Environment - Essay Example They also influence the employees’ social needs and the relationship between the management and the workers. They are however not a guarantee to increased productivity in the workplace, since they may limit the employees from giving the Company their best performance. This may be because of the union’s influence as it highlights some of the needs of workers XYZ does not fulfill (Sporgnardi, 2000). Making the employees aware of these needs may introduce and increase the number of strikes in the workplace. Differences between operating in a union-free environment and in a unionized environment In a union free environment, the decision the management makes solely concentrates on increasing productivity of the organization. This may be through directly investing in the organization, for example investing in intensive marketing of the company’s products. The indirect method involves corporate social responsibility, where the organization creates the best working envir onment and introduces awards for the best performing employee. In a Unionized environment however, there is presentation of the interests of two parties: the employer and the worker. The unions assume that the workers provide optimum services to the organization hence, strives to increase the wages of its members. They force the employers into increasing wages and introducing strategies in the organization that show that they treat them fairly in the workplace. This influences the decisions the management makes because it has to put into consideration the demands of the union (Kaufman, 2001). The Human Resource management is more effective in a union free environment than in a unionized environment. In a union free environment, the managers carry out research on how to improve the efficiency of the employees. They carry out activities such as job analysis, in order to develop job descriptions and job specifications that would enable them in formulating the salary structure for all i ts employees. The employees, in this environment, deal with the management directly in terms of payment increase or incentives. In a unionized environment, the union stands out as the sole bargaining agent. The employees compile a report of conditions in the workplace, which the union considers in order to come up with a collective agreement on how to solve conflicts in the organization, increasing the wages and how the management should improve the working conditions. Management in union free environment is unable to question the decisions the heads of department and top managers make in the organization. It is therefore not a guarantee that all their decisions are efficient in the productivity of the company. The workers union, on the other hand, is able to question any decision the employers make. This may result to the managers coming up with creative solutions that may be more productive. The CEO of XYZ may embrace the aristocratic style of leadership, where the management shou ld not question his decisions. Some of the decisions that he would make would have a negative impact on the employees, for example increasing the production line without increasing the number of employees in the workplace, hence overworking the employees. This may lead to production of low quality products that may result to reduced sales level. The union’

Reaction paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Reaction paper - Essay Example Some have argued, that there were already Anti-Semitic feelings in Europe long before Hitler’s Regime and the international boycott by the Jewish community served as the "the first shot fired in the Second World War" (Johnson 2001). Even though it is true that the Jewish leaders, such as Rabbi Stephen Wise of the American Jewish Congress, were urged to forego these tactics, they did not relent and continued to boycott in hopes of destroying Germany’s economy, industries, and government (Johnson 2001). Despite the boycott, violent feelings, and insults spread about the Germans, it does not justify the brutal measures Hitler and his Regime took in retaliation. The mass effort to confine them in concentration camps or ship them out to Palestine in collaboration with the Zionists was underhanded, unjust, and malicious (Johnson 2001). Boycotting, printing news paper articles, and declaring speeches against Hitler and his Regime was still nothing compared to what Hitler and h is government did to the Jews. Boycotting goods in order to deal a blow to a country’s economy hardly warrants imprisonment in gas chambers, persecution, and violence carried out against millions.

Screening of Non Target Compounds in Wastewater Samples

Screening of Non Target Compounds in Wastewater Samples Report Since October 2012, I have worked in a special project about Elimination of pharmaceuticals and organic compounds: Development of concepts and novel, cheap cleaning procedures – Formation of metabolites by ozonoation. It was a kind of training for me and a special key for my PhD work. We are interested in screening of non target compounds in wastewater samples. Wastewater samples are collected from different wastewater treatment plants at different treatment points. For example: before ozonation, after ozonation and after biological treatment steps. These compounds are extracted by solid phase extraction (SPE) method using certain solid material (OASIS HLB). This kind of SPE is suitable to extract hydrophilic and lipophilic analytes. We did several steps to extract those compounds using different procedures and different analyzing tools. We used HPLC-UV, LC-MS and GC-MS to analyze the extracted compounds. The toxicological tests are achieved for each sample in order to discove r the efficiency of wastewater treatment and the effect of treatment to obtain new unknown transformation products. In this project, I learned so many things like: How to validate and develop a method to extract polar and non polar compounds from wastewater matrixes using certain SPE steps. How to choose the best solid phase materials to extract a wide range polarity of chemical compounds in wastewater matrixes. Getting the principles for handling of different analytical instruments to validate specific methods and to analyze the extracted compounds. Taking enough time to review the statistical principles which are necessary to find the optimum ways for treatment. Achieving the possibilities to analyze the output data and comparing different procedures to find out the best one for analysis. Combining chemistry with biology in order to evaluate the toxicological estimates and to know the best wastewater treatment step. Now, I am working on developing a method to extract the following six compounds from water matrix: Catechol, trans,trans-Muconic acid, p-Benzoquinone, 1H-Benzotriazole, p-Nitrophenol and 2,6-Dichloraniline. Catechol, trans,trans-Muconic acid and p-Benzoquinone are transformation products generated after treatment of the parent compound (Bisphenol A) with ozone in aqueous solution (water). Bisphenol A (BPA) belongs to the numerous anthropogenic compounds considered as endocrine disruptors. Although less estrogenic toward aquatic organisms than natural hormones, BPA has been reported to be able to induce feminization phenomena in various species of animals. BPA is commonly used for the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. It is also used as stabilizer or antioxidant for many types of plastics such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC). BPA is detected with a high frequency in surface waters. 1H-Benzotriazole has been found in wastewater and the subsequently impacted surface water. This compound is employed to prevent metal corrosion and as UV-inhibitors, and found to use in applications such as airplane deicing fluids, dishwashing detergents, and plastic formulations. p-Nitrophenol is degradation product generated throughout the ozonation process of the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole. Sulfamethoxazole in combination with trimethoprim is used to treat a wide range of human diseases, such as urinary and respiratory tract infections. There are many publications that have reported about the presence of this antibiotic drug in sewage treatment plants, hospital effluents and rivers. Besides, this compound might be expected to be present in groundwater, because the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole is also applied to animals as growth promoter. 2,6-Dichloraniline is a metabolite produced after ozonational step of the drug diclofenac in aqueous solution. Diclofenac is one of the most commonly used pain killers. It is used to treat painful conditions such as arthritis, sprains and strains, gout, migraine, dental pain, and pain after surgical operations. There are many articles that have reported about the presence of this drug in sewage treatment plants. First step, I prepared different standard solutions for each compound, then validated and developed a method to analyze these compounds by using HPLC-UV instrument. A mixture of methanol and water (pH=2) are used at certain progress time and different ratios to obtain the best LC chromatogram with good separation and resolution for each compound in the mixture. The maximum wavelength (ÃŽ ») for each compound is known by using UV-spectrophotometer. Table (1) summarizes the information obtained after analyzing my target compounds by HPLC-UV. Table 1 Substance Retention time tR (min) ÃŽ » (nm) Catechol (1) 26.35 278 t,t-Muconic acid (2) 28.43 278 p-Benzoquinone (3) 30.46 278 1H-Benzotriazole (4) 34.42 278 p-Nitrophenol (5) 39.89 228 2,6-Dichloraniline (6) 48.04 228 Figure (1) shows the HPLC-UV chromatogram (relative response in mV vs. tR) for a mixture of six compounds in one prepared stock solution. 5 6 Figure 1 2 4 1 3 In order to develop a method to analyze the target compounds; the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) should be calculated in order to know the sensitivity of HPLC-UV instrument towards each compound. The LOD value for each compound was calculated from a chromatogram on the basis of signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of 3. The LOQ value for each compound was calculated from a chromatogram on the basis of signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of 10. Table (2) shows the values of LOD and LOQ for each compound. Table 2 Substance LOD (ng/L) LOQ (ng/L) Catechol (1) 8.8 29.3 t,t-Muconic acid (2) 1.2 4.0 p-Benzoquinone (3) 6.3 21.0 1H-Benzotriazole (4) 8.5 28.3 p-Nitrophenol (5) 27.4 91.3 2,6-Dichloraniline (6) 18.0 60.0 For linearity and statistical evaluation, I prepared mixture solutions of six compounds at concentrations of 0.1, 0.25, 0.4, 0.55, 0.7, 0.85 and 1.0 mg/L. Table (3) shows the statistical data for the prepared stock solution of 0.7 mg/L. Table 3 Substance % Relative response Correlation coefficient (r) Catechol (1) 100 0.999 t,t-Muconic acid (2) 101 0.999 p-Benzoquinone (3) 106 0.999 1H-Benzotriazole (4) 100 0.999 p-Nitrophenol (5) 100 0.999 2,6-Dichloraniline (6) 104 0.999 The linearity at my working range is shown as follows: Now I am working in developing a preparation method to extract these compounds from water matrix by using different solid phase materials. Up to now, I tried two types of solid phase cartridges: OASIS HLB and SPEED DISK cartridges. It’s noticed that OASIS HLB gave higher recovery than SPEED DISK. In order to find out the best solid phase material, I will try many types of SPE. After finishing this step, I will develop a method to extract and analyze about 30 chosen chemical compounds which are produced after the ozonation process of pharmaceutical and parent compounds in water matrix. These compounds will be: Diclofenac, 2,6-Dichloroaniline, Metoprolol, Sulfamethoxazole, 4-nitrophenol, Bisphenol A, Catechol, trans,trans-Muconic acid, cis,cis-Muconic acid, p-Benzoquinone, Ciprofloxacin, Paracetamol, 1,2,4-Benzenetriol, Oxalic acid, Succinic acid, Malic acid, Malonic acid, Oxaloacetic acid, Hydroquinone, Maleic acid, EDTA, Glyoxylic acid, Formaldehyde, Carbamazepine, Glyoxylic acid, Oxamic acid and 1H-Benzotriazole.

Master Tag Case

The key benefit to the revised approach is that the tags are being sent directly to the customer that needs them, the growers. The growers are then able to order another batch of tags once the plants have grown if they have a surplus in plants. Thus the reasoning for the revised approach is fulfilled by not having an abundance of un needed tags being shipped to the grower from the seed companies.The pros of the revised approach is the seeds will be planted with the tags and the tag wont leave the seed all the way from plantation until it reaches the retail customer. Also, if the grower is able to clone plants they would have the accessibility of ordering any new tags directly from MasterTag. The pro for the seed company is that they don’t have to sort tags to send off their order to the growers.Another pro is the seed companies wont have a surplus of tags in their warehouse, however, if the plant doesn’t survive from the growth of the seed the grower may build up a surp lus of tags. Although still, the grower would be better to utilize the process of order from MasterTag because they would know what plants survived from the seed. The cons of the plan is that it adds an extra step to the Growers manufacturing process. They now have to do forecasting and planning with two companies MasterTag and the seed companies, rather than just with the seed companies.

Ventria Bioscience and the Controversy over Plant-Made Medicines

Case Study: â€Å"Ventria Bioscience and the Controversy over Plant – Made Medicines† GB590 Corporate Social Responsibility Prof. Timothy Loney By Willette Marchany Rivera February 22, 2011 Introduction: Case overview Ventria Bioscience, a biotechnology firm based in California, faces the challenge of commercializing a product with potential and considerable public health benefits. Ventria had developed a ground-breaking technology using genetically modified (GM) rice to grow the proteins lactoferrin and lysozyme, both found in human breast milk, which can be used for the treatment of diarrhea in children, tourists and the military. Lawrence and Weber, 2010, p. 494) However, the pioneer biotechnology invention has to go through regulatory processes and stakeholder’s scrutiny, before it can enter the market. There are ethical concerns over the plant-based medicines and opposition coming from consumer advocates, environmentalists, rice farmers and food safety activ ists. Ventria needs to overcome the regulatory environment and manage its stakeholder relations in order to succeed and release this product for sale. In order to do so they must establish a strategic plan to improve their triple bottom line performance.They need to convince stakeholders that the potential benefits are desirable and that they can safely and responsibly deliver the product to be commercialized. Even then, Ventria and the biotechnology industry might always face opposition from groups against genetically modified organisms in which human genes are also manipulated. â€Å"The public’s reactions to plant- made pharmaceuticals were likely to be extreme, given the high benefits, potential risks, and deep moral quandaries posed by these new technologies. † (Lawrence & Weber, 2010, p. 92) Financial goal Ventria’s financial goal is to make profit from producing in a big scale the GM rice they developed and selling it at an affordable price. The plant-mad e pharmaceutical concept was created in order to take advantage of the capability of harvesting the proteins in a natural host instead of using a costly laboratory environment where manufacturing would be slower and in a smaller scale. Ventria’s financial goal seems to be intertwined to the capability of producing the GM rice outdoors over a large amount of land.Environmentalists and rice farmers are highly concerned with the possibility of comingling happening and the adverse impact on the ecosystem this could have. Other than that, the Union of Concerned Scientists, a policy advocacy group, warned that it is unwise to produce drugs in plants outdoors, because there would be little control over the doses people might get exposed to, and some might be allergic to the proteins. (Grace, 2011, para. 24-25) Environmentalists are concerned too about Ventria using acres of arable land to harvest medicine instead. (Grace, 2011, para. 0) Social goal Ventria’s social goal shoul d be to contribute to the treatment of diarrhea in children, the military and tourists at an affordable price with their innovative plant-made pharmaceutical without damaging society. In order to do so, they shall get the local and global public to trust the biotechnology industry and plant-made pharmaceuticals. They also need to assure that the product or its production will not harm or negatively affect human lives. The GM rice cannot get mixed with or contact in any way crops designated for human food supply.At the same time, consumers need to be informed honestly about the content of the products and that they are GM. Otherwise, customers would be deceived. There are ethical concerns about the use of human genes in this GM rice and consumer rights to be informed should be placed first. Food safety is also an issue as this GM rice remains to be widely tested in humans and be approved by the FDA. The company also needs to become liable in case the GM rice contaminates other rice f armers’ crops and contaminated products are sent to the human food supply.Environmental goal Ventria’s environmental goal would be to produce the GM rice without contaminating the environment or throwing off the natural balance, that is, without disturbing the ecosystem. They cannot allow comingling to happen. Also, they need to avoid and control the risks of any adverse impact of the GM rice to the ecosystem by taking measures to avoid potential harms to the wildlife and the spreading of the GM rice crops that could lead to undesirable hybrids.Summary: Triple bottom line performance and strategic recommendations After considering all the financial, social and environmental factors that adversely affect their performance, Ventria is in position of making a strategic decision. They should consider first to modify or radically change their production strategy and second to enter in a marketing process focused in educating the public about their product. These strategies can help them achieve their three bottom-line goals. They need to provide a safer way of producing their product and obtain the permits and the approval to sell it.Their financial, social and environmental goals can only be attained by focusing in resolving the issues with their stakeholders. There are two recommendations on how to change their current production strategy. They can search for an isolated area of arable land away from other rice farmers and set stringent measures of control to avoid the risk of contaminating other crops. However, controlling all the risk factors in an open crop field would be complicated and it is uncertain to which degree it could be accomplished.Another option would be to consider production in greenhouses. This would be probably more costly, but will ensure a higher degree of control. Finally, Ventria would have to ensure the safety of their product and take on an honest advertising campaign to disseminate doubts and concerns about their invention . Likely, there will be opposition based on the ethical concerns about GM. However, public campaigns that provide straight forward and clear information from the developers will give customers more tools to make an informed decision about the product.References Grace. (2011, February 2). Genetically modified rice now on its way to fields in several  countries. Nwoandsecretsocieties. WordPress. com. Retrieved February 24, 2011 from http://nwoandsecretsocieties. wordpress. com/2011/02/02/genetically-modified-rice-now-on-its-way-to-fields-in-several-countries/ Lawrence, A. T. (2010). Ventria Bioscience and the Controversy over Plant- Made Medicines. In Lawrence, A. T. , Weber J. , Business and Society: Stakeholders, Ethics,

Jingle Bells in Spanish

Here are three Spanish-language Christmas songs that can be sung to the tune of Jingle Bells. Though none of them attempt to be a translation of the English song, they all borrow the bell theme. Following each song is an English translation, and at the bottom of the page is a vocabulary guide for the boldfaced words. Cascabel Cascabel, cascabel,mà ºsica de amor.Dulces horas, gratas horas,Juventud en flor.Cascabel, cascabel,tan sentimental.No ceces, oh cascabel,de repiquetear. Translation of Cascabel Jingle bell, jingle bell,music of love.Sweet time, pleasant time,Youth in bloom.Jingle bell, jingle bell,So sentimental.Dont stop, oh jingle bell,the happy ringing. Navidad, Navidad Navidad, Navidad, hoy es Navidad.Con campanas este dà ­a hay que festejar.Navidad, Navidad, porque ya nacià ³ayer noche, Nochebuena, el nià ±ito Dios. Translation of Navidad, Navidad Christmas, Christmas, today is Christmas.It is necessary to celebrate this with bells.Christmas, Christmas, because just last nightthe little baby God was born. Cascabeles Caminando en trineo, cantando por los campos,Volando por la nieve, radiantes de amor,Repican las campanas, brillantes de alegrà ­a.Paseando y cantando se alegra el corazà ³n,  ¡ay! Cascabeles, cascabeles, tra la la la la. ¡Quà © alegrà ­a todo el dà ­a, que felicidad, ay!Cascabeles, cascabeles, tra la la la la.Que alegrà ­a todo el dà ­a, que felicidad Translation of Cascabeles Traveling by sleigh, singing through the fields,Flying through the snow, beaming with love,The bells ring, brilliant with joy.The heart is cheerful as it strolls along and sings. Whee! Jingle bells, jingle bells, tra-la-la-la-la.What joy all day, what happiness! Whee!Jingle bells, jingle bells, tra-la-la-la-la.What joy all day, what happiness! Translation Notes In this context, a cascabel typically refers to a small metallic ball with a piece of metal inside that is designed to make a ringing sound when the ball is shaken. Such a ball is often attached to the collar of a pet or the harness of a horse so its motion can be heard. A cascabel can also be a baby rattle or the rattler of a rattlesnake.Note how dulces (sweet) and gratas (pleasant or agreeable) are placed before the nouns they modify. This is commonly done with adjectives that have an emotional aspect. Thus, dulce after a noun might refer to sweetness as a taste, while dulce in front may refer to a persons feelings about the noun.The suffix -tud is added to a slightly modified root word, joven (meaning young), to turn the adjective into a noun, forming juventud.  Tan is closely related to tanto; both are used in making comparisons.Cesar is a cognate of to cease. Just as we would be more likely to use stop rather than cease in everyday English speech, so would Spanish speakers mor e likely use parar or terminar. Note how this song uses the familiar second-person form ceses, speaking to the cascabel as if it were a person. This is an example of personification.Repiquetear usually refers to the lively ringing of bells, although it can also be used to the sound of drums or a repeated pounding on something.Navidad is the word for Christmas as a noun, while navideà ±o is the adjectival form.Campana usually refers to a traditional bell or something that is in the shape of one.Hay que followed by an infinitive is a common way of saying that something needs to be done.Festejar usually means to celebrate, although celebrar is more common. Normally, the event being celebrated (este dà ­a) would be placed after festejar, as would be done in English. Presumably, atypical word order was used here for poetic purposes.Either và ­spera de Navidad or Nochebuena can be used to refer to Christmas Eve.Ya is a vaguely defined adverb used to add emphasis. Its translation is hig hly dependent on context.Ways of referring to last night in addition to ayer noche include anoche, ayer por la noche, and la noche pasada.Nià ±ito is an example of a diminutive noun. The suffix -ito has been appended to nià ±o (boy) to make it refer to a baby boy.Dios is the word for God. As with the English god, the word is capitalized when it is used as the name of a specific divine creature, especially the Judeo-Christian God.Campo usually means field. In the plural, as here, it can refer to an undeveloped rural area.Ay is a multipurpose exclamation that usually has a negative connotation such as ouch! Here it seems to be more of a simple shout of joy.Dà ­a, the word for day, is one of most common nouns ending in a that is masculine, breaking a common gender rule.